Mohenjo-daro was the most advanced city of its time, with remarkably sophisticated civil engineering and urban planning. At its height, the Indus Civilization spanned much of what is now Pakistan and North India, extending westwards to the Iranian border, south to Gujarat in India and northwards to an outpost in Bactria, with major urban centers at Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Lothal, Kalibangan, Dholavira and Rakhigarhi. It was one of the largest cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, which developed around 3,000 BCE from the prehistoric Indus culture.
Mohenjo-daro was built in the 26th century BCE. It lies on a Pleistocene ridge in the flood plain of the Indus, around 28 kilometres (17 mi) from the town of Larkana. Mohenjo-daro is located off the right (west) bank of the lower Indus river in Larkana District, Sindh, Pakistan. Map showing the major sites and theorised extent of the Indus Valley Civilisation, including the location of the Mohenjo-daro site Mohenjo-daro, the modern name for the site, has been interpreted as "Mound of the Dead Men" in Sindhi. Mohenjo-daro may also have been a point of diffusion for the clade of the domesticated chicken found in Africa, Western Asia, Europe and the Americas. Cock-fighting may have had ritual and religious significance for the city. According to Mahadevan, an Indus seal has "recorded in the Indus script the original Dravidian name of the city, corresponding to Indo-Aryan Kukkutarma." Based on his analysis of a Mohenjo-daro seal, Iravatham Mahadevan speculates that the city's ancient name could have been Kukkutarma ("the city of the cockerel "). 5 Architecture and urban infrastructure.
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